este es un compendio espectacular que me encontre en http://www.datadisk.co.uk/html_docs/misc/unix_commands.htm el cual contiene comparación entre sistemas diferentes muy útil si administras diferentes sistemas..
Common Unix Commands
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Sysinfo |
Display system information i.e cpu, memory, etc
|
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Memory
and Swap |
Information regarding the physical memory and swap area
|
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Disks,
Filesystems and Devices
|
Displaying disk information, filesystems
|
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Networking |
Display and configuring network parameters
|
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Crash
Dump
|
Configure, display and use the crash dump utiltities |
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Performance
Monitoring and Diagnostics
|
List, Monitor and trace processes
|
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Kernel
Modules and Parameters
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Displaying, modifying and tuning kernel parameters
|
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Services |
Display, start and stop services
|
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Patching
/ Packages
|
Installing and removing patches and software packages
|
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Accounts |
Setting up and removing user accounts
|
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NFS |
Information on NFS i.e starting, stopping, etc
|
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NTP |
Network Time Protocol
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Log
Files |
Location to common log files
|
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Security |
Security information
|
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Misc
|
Other stuff i.e shutdown, timezone, run level, etc
|
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Solaris
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Red Hat
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Ubuntu/Debian
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HP-UX
|
AIX
|
|
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Server Release info
|
cat /etc/release
|
cat /etc/enterprise-release cat /etc/redhat-release lsb_release -a cat /proc/version |
cat /etc/lsb-release lsb_release -a |
/stand/kernrel |
oslevel -r |
Server Release info
|
|
Server type |
/usr/platform/`uname -i`/sbin/prtdiag -v
|
dmidecode |
dmidecode |
model uname -a |
prtconf | grep -i 'System Model'
|
Server type |
|
Hardware Info
|
prtdiag -v prtpicl -v [-c <class>] prtconf -D |
lspci lsusb lshal Note: hal = hardware abstraction layer |
lspci lsusb lshal |
ioscan ioscan -fun [disk|tape|lan] /opt/ignite/bin/print_manifest cat /var/opt/ignite/local/manifest/manifest.info |
lscfg -v lscfg -l ent0 lscfg -vl fcs0 (find the WWN of HBA adapter) lsdev lsdev -Cc disk lsdev -Cc disk -p scsi0 lsslot -c [pci|phb|port] lsslot -c pci -l ent0 lspath -l hdisk0 diag |
Hardware Info
|
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Operating System |
uname -a
|
uname -a
|
uname -a
|
uname -a
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oslevel [-r|-s]
|
Operating System |
|
Memory |
/usr/platform/`uname -i`/sbin/prtdiag -v prtconf | grep -i mem |
cat /proc/meminfo (detailed) free -om cat /proc/slabinfo |
cat /proc/meminfo (detailed) free -om cat /proc/slabinfo |
dmesg | grep -i
physical /usr/sam/lbin/getmem /opt/ignite/bin/print_manifest cat /var/opt/ignite/local/manifest/manifest.info |
prtconf -m prtconf |grep -i memory lsattr -El sys0 -a realmem bootinfo -r |
Memory |
|
CPU (type, number, etc) |
/usr/platform/`uname -i`/sbin/prtdiag -v ## display,offline,online psrinfo psradm -f 0 (offline) psradm -n 0 (online) |
cat /proc/cpuinfo (detailed)
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cat /proc/cpuinfo (detailed)
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/opt/ignite/bin/print_manifest sam -> performance monitors -> system properties cat /var/opt/ignite/local/manifest/manifest.info |
prtconf |grep -i processor |
CPU (type, number, etc) |
|
Disk Drives |
format prtvtoc <device> format -e (to convert EFI (zfs) to SMI) Note: EFI - Extensible Firmware Interface SMI - Sun Microsystems Inc |
fdisk -l sfdisk -l (advanced server) parted <device> print partprobe -s <device> |
fdisk -l sfdisk -l (advanced server) parted <device> print partprobe <device> |
ioscan -funC disk
|
lsdev -Cc disk lsdev -Cc disk -p scsi0 (specific controller) lsdev -Cc disk -S [a|d|s] (available, defined, stopped) lscfg -v -l hdisk0 |
Disk Drives |
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Kernel File and associated directories
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/kernel/genunix /platform/sparc/kernel /platform/i86pc/kernel /kernel /usr/kernel |
/boot/initrd.?????.img /boot/vmlinuz |
/boot/initrd.img-?????-server /boot/vmlinuz-????-server |
/stand/vmunix |
/unix /usr/lib/boot /usr/lib/drivers Note: /unix - symbolic link to kernel file i.e /usr/lib/boot/unix_64 |
Kernel File
|
|
Kernel 32 or 64 |
isainfo -kv (solaris 9+) isalist (sparc v9 will be listed first) isainfo -b |
uname -a uname -m getconf -a |grep -i 'long_bit' |
uname -a uname -m getconf -a |grep -i 'long_bit' |
getconf KERNEL_BITS ( version
11) /opt/ignite/bin/print_manifest |grep -i 'os mode' HPUX < version 11 all 32 bit Note: determine if system supports 64 bit getconf HW_CPU_SUPP_BITS /opt/ignite/bin/print_manifest |grep -i 'hw capability' |
prtconf -k bootinfo -K |
Kernel 32 or 64 |
|
Display Firmware |
At the OK prompt type banner
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boot into the BIOS (normally F2 or F12)
|
boot into the BIOS (normally F2 or F12) |
workstations: reboot enter PDC type: IN (information menu) type: FV (Firmware Version) |
prtconf |grep -i firmware lscfg -pv invscout |
Display Firmware |
|
Display IRQ, IO ports and DMA
|
n/a |
/proc/interrupts /proc/ioports /proc/dma |
/proc/interrupts /proc/ioports /proc/dma |
n/a |
prtconf |
Display IRQ, IO ports and DMA
|
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GUI admin tool
|
admintool |
linuxconf |
linuxconf |
sam |
smit smitty |
GUI admin tool
|
Memory and Swap
|
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Solaris
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Red Hat
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Ubuntu/Debian
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HP
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AIX
|
|
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Memory |
/usr/platform/`uname -i`/sbin/prtdiag -v prtconf | grep -i mem |
cat /proc/meminfo (detailed) free -om |
cat /proc/meminfo (detailed) free -om |
dmesg | grep -i
physical /usr/sam/lbin/getmem /opt/ignite/bin/print_manifest cat /var/opt/ignite/local/manifest/manifest.info |
prtconf -m prtconf |grep -i memory lsattr -El sys0 -a realmem bootinfo -r |
Memory |
|
page size (memory)
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/usr/bin/pagesize |
/usr/bin/getconf -a| egrep -i 'pagesize|page_size'
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/usr/bin/getconf -a| egrep -i 'pagesize|page_size'
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dmesg |grep -i physical |
pagesize pagesize -a (display all supported pagesizes) |
page size (memory)
|
|
display swap
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swap -l swap -s |
cat /proc/swaps (detailed) swapon -s |
cat /proc/swaps (detailed) swapon -s |
swapinfo (displayed in KB) swapinfo -m (display in Mb) swapinfo -tm (total / Mb) |
lsps -a (detailed) lsps -s |
display swap
|
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adding swap
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mkfile 5m /var/swapfile swap -a /var/swapfile update /etc/vfstab |
device: create partition with fdisk (type 82) file(create 50MB swap file): dd if=/dev/zero of=/var/swapfile bs=1024 count=50000 mkswap <device>|<file> swapon <device>|<file> update /etc/fstab |
device: create partition with fdisk (type 82) file(create 50MB swap file): dd if=/dev/zero of=/var/swapfile bs=1024 count=50000 mkswap <device>|<file> swapon <device>|<file> update /etc/fstab |
Create logical volume or filesystem swapon <device> | -f <logical device> swapon -p 3 <device> | -f <logical device> update /etc/fstab Note: -p = priority swap number . The nswapdev tunable system parameter controls the maximum number of swap devices. |
mkps -a -s 4 -n <volume group> # change the attributes chps -a n paging00 (don't use after restart) # change the logical volume attributes (name in this case) chlv -n <new name> <old old> (chang page space name) Note: -a reconfigure paging space after restart -s size of the page space (logical partitions) -n activiates the paging space (use swapoff to deactivate) also see /etc/swapspaces file |
adding swap
|
|
removing swap
|
update /etc/vfstab swap -d |
swapoff <device>|<file> Remove device or file as normal |
swapoff <device>|<file> Remove device or file as normal |
remove entry from /etc/fstab reboot |
swapoff /dev/paging00 rmps paging00 Note: paging space must be deactiviated before removing |
removing swap
|
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Solaris
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Red Hat
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Ubuntu/Debian
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HP
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AIX
|
|
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Disk Drives |
format prtvtoc <device> format -e (to convert EFI (zfs) to SMI) Note: EFI - Extensible Firmware Interface SMI - Sun Microsystems Inc |
fdisk -l sfdisk -l (advanced server) parted <device> print partprobe <device> |
fdisk -l sfdisk -l (advanced server) parted <device> print partprobe <device> |
ioscan -funC disk
|
lsdev -Cc disk lsdev -Cc disk -p scsi0 (specific controller) lsdev -Cc disk -S [a|d|s] (available, defined,stopped) lscfg -v -l hdisk0 |
Disk Drives |
|
Disk serial Number, type, etc
|
format iostat -En luxadm inq <disk> (A5x00 disk arrays) |
hdparm -i /dev/hda hdparm -I /dev/hda (detailed) hdparm -Tt /dev/hda (speed test) sdparm -i /dev/sdb cat /proc/ide/ide0/hda/model cat /proc/scsi/scsi |
hdparm -i /dev/hda hdparm -I /dev/hda (detailed) haparm -Tt /dev/hda (speed test) sdparm -i /dev/sdb cat /proc/ide/ide0/hda/model cat /proc/scsi/scsi |
diskinfo -v /dev/rdsk/c0t4d0 (detailed but no serial
number) /opt/ignite/bin/print_manifest (no serial number) ## Insure that the online diagnostic support tools have been installed swlist -l bundle | grep 'Support Tools' ## Command-Line Support Tools Manager (cstm) ## The run cstm cstm cstm> map cstm> sel dev 4 (select the disk of you choice) cstm> info cstm> il (obtain the serial number) cstm> quit |
lscfg -vl hdisk0 lscfg -vl hdisk* |
Disk serial Number, type, etc
|
|
Disk disk partitions
|
prtvtoc <device> cat /etc/vfstab |
fdisk -l sfdisk -l (advanced server) cat /proc/partitions (very high level) cat /etc/fstab |
fdisk -l sfdisk -l (advanced server) cat /proc/partitions (very high level) cat /etc/fstab |
lvlnboot -v /dev/vg00 lifls -Clv <device> # Display the LIF contents lifcp /dev/dsk/c0t6d0:AUTO - cat /etc/fstab Note: Boot programs are stored in the boot area in Logical Interchange Format (LIF), which is similar to a file system. For a device to be bootable, the LIF volume on that device must contain at least the ISL (the initial system loader) and HPUX (the HP-UX bootstrap utility) LIF files. ISL is like GRUB. |
lsvg -l rootvg lchangelv cat /etc/filesystems |
Disk disk partitions
|
|
List Raw Partitions
|
use format to partition the disk then just use the slice as a
raw partition, remember to use the character device
|
## Old way /etc/sysconfig/rawdevices service rawdevices start chkconfig rawdevices on ## New way, Edit below file /etc/udev/rules.d/60-raw.rules udevinfo -d or udevadm ## Display raw partitions raw -qa |
mknod /dev/rawctl c 162 0 mknod /dev/raw/raw0 c 162 1 mknod /dev/raw/raw1 c 162 2 ln -s /dev/rawctl /dev/raw/rawctl ## map raw devices to the disk raw /dev/raw/raw1 /dev/sdb1 ## display raw devices raw -qa |
Just create a new LVOL without a filesystem - that's it.
|
Just create a new LVOL without a filesystem # create a raw volume mklv -y rawVolume vg01 10 |
List Raw Partitions
|
|
Filesystem commands
|
df -k df -h |
df -k df -h |
df -k df -h |
bdf df [-egiklnvfb] |
df -k lsfs [<filesystem>] lsfs -q <filesystem> (detailed) |
Filesystem commands
|
|
Filesystem (create|remove) |
newfs -v <raw device> # Display how the filesystem was created newfs -Nv <filesystem> |
mkfs -t ext3 /dev/sdb1
|
mkfs -t ext3 /dev/sdb1 |
newfs -F vxfs -o largefiles /dev/vg01/rlvol1 mkfs -F vxfs -o largefiles /dev/vg01/rlvol1 Note: mkfs and newfs are a pointer to /sbin/fs_wrapper |
crfs -v jfs2 -d data02lv -m /data02 -A yes -v filesystem type -d device or logical volume -m mountpoint -A mount after restart [yes|no] rmfs -ri /data02 -r remove the mountpoint -i display warning before removing chfs -a size=+1G /var (grow by additional 1GB) chfs -a size=1G /var (grow to 1GB in size) |
Filesystem (create|remove|resize) |
|
Tune Filesystems
|
tunefs fstyp -v <device> |grep -i minfree |
tune2fs tune2fs -l /dev/sda1 # change reserved blocks percentage to 1% tune2fs -m 1 /dev/sda1 |
tune2fs tune2fs -l /dev/sda1 # change reserved blocks percentage to 1% tune2fs -m 1 /dev/sda1 |
tunefs -v <filesystem> vxtunefs -v <filesystem> fstyp -v <filesystem> # Disk fragmentation fsadm -F vxfs -E / (report) fsadm -F vxfs -e / (defrag) |
chfs Note: you can perform the following resize freeze change mountpoint permissions lots more.............................. |
Tune Filesystems
|
|
Force fsck
|
# Check to see filesystem needs checking fstyp -v <filesystem> | grep fsclean |
touch /forcefsck shutdown -Fr now tune2fs -l /dev/sdb<?> |grep -i 'filesystem state' |
touch /forcefsck shutdown -r now tune2fs -l /dev/sdb<?> |grep -i 'filesystem state' # edit /etc/default/rcS change below so # you dont have to hang around FSCKFIX=yes |
# Look at the second line to see if a filesystem # needs checking tunefs -v <filesystem> |
n/a |
Force fsck
|
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backup filesystem
|
ufsdump|ufsrestore tar dd cpio |
dump/restore tar dd cpio |
dump/restore tar dd cpio |
fbackup/frecover dump/restore ftio tar dd cpio |
backup|restore tar dd cpio |
backup filesystem
|
|
Display the boot device
|
eeprom |grep boot-device prtconf -pv |grep bootpath prtpicl -v|grep ':bootpath' |
cat /boot/grub/grub.conf cat /etc/lilo.conf grub = grand unified boot loader lilo = linux loader |
cat /boot/grub/menu.lst |
setboot |
bootinfo -b (display last boot device) bootlist -m [normal|service] -o (display bootable devices) |
Display the boot device
|
|
Setting the boot device
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setenv boot-device [<device>|<alias>] eeprom boot-device [<device>|<alias>] |
/boot/grub/grub.conf /etc/lilo.conf |
/boot/grub/menu.lst |
setboot -p <primary path> setboot -a <alternate path> # autoboot sequnce setboot -b [on|off] |
bootlist -m normal hdisk0 hdisk1
|
Setting the boot device
|
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Creating boot device (MBR)
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installboot /usr/platform/`uname -i`/lib/fs/ufs/bootblk
<raw-device>
|
grub-install <raw-device> lilo -v |
grub-install <raw-device>
|
mkboot -l <device> Note: we are treating the disk as a LVM device |
bosboot -a (uses default device) bosboot -ad hdisk1 |
Creating boot device (MBR)
|
|
Format floppy drive
|
fdformat -v -U volcheck -v newfs -v /vol/disk/aliases/floppy0 |
floppy --probe (use device obtained below ) floppy --createrc > /etc/fd0 floppy --format /dev/fd0 mkfs /dev/fd0 |
n/a |
n/a |
format -d /dev/rfd0 format -d /dev/fd0.18 (high format) |
Format floppy drive
|
|
mount/unmount floppy
|
volrmmount -l floppy0 eject floppy |
mount /dev/fd0 /mnt/floppy umount /mnt/floppy |
n/a |
n/a |
mount /dev/rfd0 /floppy |
mount/unmount floppy
|
|
mount/unmount CDROM
|
mount -F hsfs -o ro <device path> /cdrom/cdrom0 umount /cdrom/cdrom0 /etc/init.d/volmgr start eject cdrom |
mount -rt iso9660 /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom umount /mnt/cdrom eject cdrom |
mount -rt iso9660 /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom umount /mnt/cdrom eject cdrom |
mount -rF cdfs /dev/dsk/c1t6d0 /cdrom start: /usr/sbin/pps_mountd pps_mount |
mount -v cdrfs -r /dev/cd0 /cdrom umount /cdrom |
mount/unmount CDROM
|
|
remount a filesystem |
n/a |
mount -o remount,rw /
|
mount -o remount,rw / |
mount_vxfs -o remount,ro <filesystem>
|
mount -o remount,rw <filesystem>
Note:I did find a note that it should be possible to remount a jfs2 filesystem, but it did not work on my system |
remount a filesystem |
|
create boot disk or recovery tape
|
n/a |
mkbootdisk `uname -r` (boot diskette)
|
n/a |
recovery tape (preview) make_tape_recovery -v -l -x inc_entire=vg00 /opt/ignite/bin/make_recovery -ACv |
mksysb
|
create boot disk or recovery tape
|
|
boot cdrom/diskette (single user)
|
ok> boot cdrom -s |
using the grub window append the word single
to the kernel line
|
using the grub window append the word single
to the kernel line
|
enter PDC > search >boot p1 (cdrom) interact with IPL? Y ISL> hpux -is |
based on a 9114-275 workstation
|
boot cdrom/diskette (single user)
|
|
boot into maintenace mode
|
ok> boot -as
|
f10 or f12
|
f10 or f12
|
>boot pri interact with IPL? Y ISL> hpux -lm |
based on a 9114-275 workstation
|
boot into maintenace mode
|
|
Device paths
|
floppy:
disk: /dev/dsk/c0t0d0s0 tape: /dev/rmt/0ucb cdrom: /dev/dsk/c0t6d0s0 /dev/scd0 (external usb cd) |
floppy:
/dev/fd0
disk:
/dev/hda or /dev/sda /dev/hdb or /dev/sdb
tape:
cdrom:
/dev/hda (depends on number of IDE disks) |
floppy: /dev/fd0 disk: /dev/hda or /dev/sda /dev/hdb or /dev/sdb tape: cdrom: /dev/hda (depends on number of IDE disks) |
floppy: n/a disk: /dev/dsk/c0t6d0 tape: /dev/dsk/rmt/0 cdrom: /dev/dsk/c1t6d0 |
floppy: /dev/fd0 /dev/rfd0 disk: /dev/hdisk0 tape: cdrom: /dev/cd0 |
Device paths
|
|
update /dev directory
|
drvconfig devlinks disks|tapes|ports devfsadm ( solaris 8, 9, 10) |
/dev/MAKEDEV <device>
|
/dev/MAKEDEV <device>
|
insf -C tape (Class) insf -H 0.1.0 -e (recreate deleted link) |
cfgmgr cfgmgr -l scsi0 mkdev |
update /dev directory
|
|
remove or change a device
|
rem_drv |
|
|
# remove all devices from a hardward path rmsf -k -H 52.6.0 |
rmdev rmdev -l cd0 chdev chdev -l rmt0 -a ret=no |
remove or change a device
|
|
list device drivers
|
prtconf -D sysdef |
cat /proc/devices
|
cat /proc/devices
|
lsdev |
lsdev lsdev -Cc disk lsdev -Cc disk -p scsi0 lsslot -c pci -l ent0 lscfg lscfg -l ent0 lscfg -vl fcs0 (find the WWN of HBA adapter) lspath -l hdisk0 getconf DISK_SIZE hdisk1 (detailed) |
list device drivers
|
|
|
Solaris
|
Red Hat
|
Ubuntu/Debian
|
HP
|
AIX
|
|
|
Basic network information (hostname, ip address) |
/etc/hostname.hme0 |
/etc/sysconfig/network /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 |
/etc/network/interfaces |
/etc/rc.config.d/netconf |
stores information in the ODM (Object Database Manager)
|
Basic network information (hostname, ip address) |
|
displaying network interfaces
|
prtdiag -v ifconfig -a kstat hme:0 kstat e1000g:0 |
ifconfig system-config-network (GUI) |
ifconfig |
ioscan -funC lan (list hardware) lanscan -v (list configured) ifconfig lan0 (individual) |
ifconfig -a entstat -d <interface> lsdev -Cc if lsdev -Cc tcpip odmget -q "name=en0" CuAt lsattr -EHl en0 |
displaying network interfaces
|
|
Configure network interface
|
ifconfig |
ifconfig |
ifconfig |
ifconfig <interface>
|
mktcpip (completely setup a network interface) rmtcpip (remove all network interfaces) # configure an interface mktcpip -h aix1 -a 192.168.1.200 -m 255.255.255.0 -i en1 -g 192.168.0.10 -h - hostname assigned to interface -a - ip address -m - netmask -i - interface name -g - gateway ip address # remove an interface ifconfig en1 detach ifconfig (configures IP address) chdev (add aliases to network interface) |
Configure network interface
|
|
Starting and stopping a network interface
|
ifconfig qfe0 up ifconfig qfe0 down |
/sbin/ifup eth0 /sbin/ifdown eth0 |
/sbin/ifup eth0 /sbin/ifdown eth0 |
ifconfig lan0 up ifconfig lan0 down note: there is no "ifconfig -a" in hpux use lanscan then "ifconfig <interface>" |
ifconfig en0 up ifconfig en0 down ifconfig en0 detach (remove) |
Starting and stopping a network interface
|
|
Setting NIC speed
|
ndd -set <device> <parm> <value>
(dynamically) /etc/system (edit and update then reboot - permanent) |
mii-tool -F 100baseTx-FD eth0 ethtool -s eth1 speed 100 duplex full |
ethtool -s eth1 speed 100 duplex full |
ndd -set <device> <parm> <value> lanadmin -X <option> lan0 |
chdev -l ent0 -a media_speed=1000_Full_Duplex -P chdev -l ent0 -a media_speed=Auto_Negotiation -P Note: entX - physical device enX - frame type run on entX |
Setting NIC speed
|
|
Change NIC parameters
|
ndd -get <device> <parm> # List parameters ndd -get /dev/hme \? ndd -get /dev/e1000g0 \? ndd -get /dev/ip \? ndd -get /dev/tcp \? |
mii-tool -v ethtool eth1 ethtool -t eth0 online sysctl -a | grep net* |
ethtool eth0 sysctl -a |grep net* |
lanadmin -> lan -> display ## options supported ndd -get /dev/ip ? ndd -get /dev/tcp ? ndd -get /dev/arp ? ndd -get /dev/udp ? |
netstat -v entstat -d <interface> no -a no -o "ipforwarding=1" |
NIC speeds or Parameters |
|
Display NIC statistics
|
|
|
|
netstat -i [-I interface] netstat -s |
netstat -i [-f inet] netstat -s entstat -d <interface> |
Display network statistics
|
|
display MAC address
|
ifconfig -a (as user root)
|
ifconfig system-config-network (GUI) |
ifconfig |
lanscan |
netstat -ia
|
display MAC address
|
|
Displaying network packets
|
snoop -d <interface>
|
tcpdump -i <interface>
ethereal (needs to be installed) |
tcpdump -i <interface>
ethereal (needs to be installed) |
nettl -start nettl -status all nettl -tn pduin pduout -e ns_ls_driver -file /var/adm/LAN nettl -stop use netfmt to display the trace file |
tcpdump -i <interface> iptrace -i <interface> <output file> ipreport (used with iptrace to view reports) Note: you must stop the iptrace by using "kill -15" |
Displaying network packets
|
|
default router
|
/etc/defaultrouter route add default <gteway> |
edit /etc/sysconfig/network add: GATEWAY=<IP address> |
edit /etc/network/interfaces add: gateway <IP address> |
/etc/rc.config.d/netconf |
route add 0 <gateway IP address> Note: there is no file that holds the default router |
default router
|
|
display routing table
|
netstat -rn
|
netstat -rn route -n |
netstat -rn route -n |
netstat -rn
|
netstat -rn netstat -r -f inet lsattr -EHl inet0 -a route |
display routing table
|
|
Test IPMP, Bonding
|
if_mpadm -d (detach) if_mpadm -r (reattach) tail /var/adm/messages |
ifenslave -d bond0 eth1 (detach) ifenslave bond0 eth1 (reattach) cat /proc/net/bonding/bond0 |
ifenslave -d bond0 eth1 (detach) ifenslave bond0 eth1 (reattach) cat /proc/net/bonding/bond0 |
You buy an optional product called Auto-Port Aggragation. |
smitty etherchannel (creates, deletes and tests) entstat -d ent0 |
Test IPMP, Bonding
|
|
change the hostname
|
change the following files: /etc/nodename /etc/hostname.<interface> /etc/inet/hosts /etc/inet/ipnodes /etc/net - few files in here as well |
/etc/sysconfig/network /etc/hosts sysctl -a |grep hostname |
/etc/hostname /etc/hosts sysctl -a |grep hostname |
set_parms hostname (requires reboot)
|
hostname <new hostname> chdev -l inet0 -a hostname=<hostname> |
change the hostname
|
|
setup DNS
|
/etc/resolv.conf |
/etc/resolv.conf |
/etc/resolv.conf |
/etc/resolv.conf |
/etc/resolv.conf |
setup DNS
|
|
Name service switch file (DNS client)
|
/etc/nsswitch.conf /etc/resolv.conf |
/etc/nsswitch.conf /etc/host.conf /etc/resolv.conf |
/etc/nsswitch.conf /etc/host.conf /etc/resolv.conf |
/etc/nsswitch.conf /etc/resolv.conf |
/etc/netsvc.conf /etc/resolv.conf /etc/irs.conf (may not be there) chnamsv (change name service) rmnamsv (remove a name service) lsnamsv -C (list name services) |
Name service switch file (DNS client)
|
|
Flush DNS cache
|
svcadm restart system/name-service-cache:default |
## if installed service nscd restart |
|
n/a |
netcdctrl -t dns -e hosts -f
|
Flush DNS cache |
|
Domain Name
|
/etc/defaultdomain |
/etc/sysconfig/network (HOSTNAME option) /etc/resolv.conf Note: for NIS use the NISDOMAIN option |
/etc/host /etc/resolv.conf |
/etc/rc.config.d/netconf |
domainname <domainname>
|
Domain Name
|
|
Obtain IP Address routing
|
route -n get <hostname> traceroute |
ip route get <IP address> traceroute |
ip route get <IP address> traceroute |
n/a |
route -n get <hostname> |
Obtain IP Address routing
|
|
Find Services on the network
|
Boot (jumpstart) servers: rpcinfo -b bootparam 1 NFS servers: rpcinfo -b mountd 1 NIS servers/slaves: rpcinfo -b ypserv 1 |
Boot (jumpstart) servers: rpcinfo -b bootparam 1 NFS servers: rpcinfo -b mountd 1 NIS servers/slaves: rpcinfo -u <yp server> ypserv |
Boot (jumpstart) servers: rpcinfo -b bootparam 1 NFS servers: rpcinfo -b mountd 1 NIS servers/slaves: rpcinfo -u <yp server> ypserv |
Boot (jumpstart) servers: rpcinfo -b bootparam 1 NFS servers: rpcinfo -b mountd 1 NIS servers/slaves: rpcinfo -b ypserv 1 |
Boot (jumpstart) servers: rpcinfo -b bootparam 1 NFS servers: rpcinfo -b mountd 1 NIS servers/slaves: rpcinfo -b ypserv 1 |
Find Services on the network
|
|
|
Solaris
|
Red Hat
|
Ubuntu/Debian
|
HP
|
AIX
|
|
|
Crash Dump
|
dumpadm -d <device> crash (used to analyse crash dumps) adb (used to analyse crash dumps) |
diskdump netdump kdump (part of kexec rpm) /etc/kdump.conf (select where you want the dump to go) service kdump start chkconfig kdump on ## to crash the system echo "c" > /proc/sysrq-trigger crash (used to analyse crash dumps) |
diskdump netdump kdump (part of kexec rpm) /etc/kdump.conf (select where you want the dump to go) service kdump start chkconfig kdump on ## to crash the system echo "c" > /proc/sysrq-trigger crash (used to analyse crash dumps) |
edit /stand/system add either: dump 2/0/1.5.0 dump lvol dump none # crash config file /etc/rc.config.d/savecrash |
sysdumpdev -l (list dump destination) sysdumpdev -e (estimates dumpsize) sysdumpdev -L (info) sysdumpstart -p (start dump primary) sysdumpstart -s (start dump secondary) # set the dump device permanently sysdumpdev -p <dump device> -P # analyse dump file echo "stat\n status\n t -m" | crash /var/adm/ras/vmcore.0 |
Crash Dump
|
|
|
Solaris
|
Red Hat
|
Ubuntu/Debian
|
HP
|
AIX
|
|
|
CPU |
top (sunfreeware) prstat sar mpstat w (load average) uptime (load average) ps vmstat |
top sar mpstat w (load average) uptime (load average) ps vmstat procinfo oprofile cat /proc/cpuinfo |
top sar mpstat w (load average) uptime (load average) ps vmstat procinfo cat /proc/cpuinfo |
top sar w (load average) uptime (load average) ps vmstat glance sam |
topas -P topas -L (logical partitions) mpstat sar -c w (load average) uptime (load average) lparstat ps iostat -tT 1 tprof curt |
CPU
|
|
Memory |
prstat vmstat top sar |
free vmstat top procinfo slabtop sar cat /proc/meminfo |
free vmstat top procinfo slabtop sar cat /proc/meminfo |
top vmstat sar sam glance |
topas vmstat sar -b svmon ps ipcs -a lockstat (version 4) rmss |
Memory
|
|
Network I/O
|
ndd netstat lsof snoop route |
ethtool mii-tool netstat lsof tcpdump ip iptraf |
ethtool mii-tool netstat lsof tcpdump ip iptraf |
netstat lanadmin sam glance |
[ent|tok|fddi|atm]stat netstat netpmon (trcstop to stop trace) |
Network I/O
|
|
Disk I/O
|
sar -d iostat vmstat lsof |
sar -d iostat vmstat lsof |
sar -d iostat vmstat lsof |
iostat sar sam glance |
topas -D (disk) topas -F (filesystem) iostat sar -D fcstat (fibre) lvmstat filemon (trcstop to stop) fileplace # disk stat history chdev -l sys0 -a iostat=true lsattr -HEl sys0 -a iostat |
Disk I/O
|
|
Application |
truss -p <pid>
|
strace -p <pid>
|
strace -p <pid>
|
download and install tusc
tusc -p <pid> |
topas truss sar probevue tprof svmon -P <pid> |
Application
|
|
NFS |
nfsstat |
nfsstat |
nfsstat |
nfsstat |
nfsstat |
NFS
|
|
|
Solaris
|
Red Hat
|
Ubuntu/Debian
|
HP
|
AIX
|
|
|
display loaded modules
|
modinfo |
cat /proc/modules (more detailed) lsmod Location: /lib/modules/`uname -r`/kernel/drivers Config: /etc/modprobe.conf /etc/modprobe.d |
cat /proc/modules (more detailed) lsmod Location: /lib/modules/`uname -r`/kernel/drivers Config: /etc/modprobe.d/options /etc/modprobe.d |
kmadmin -k
|
genkex |
display loaded modules
|
|
load modules
|
modload -p drv/<module name>
|
modprobe <module> insmod |
modprobe <module> insmod |
kmadmin -L <module name>
|
n/a |
load modules
|
|
unload modules
|
modunload -i <module number>
|
modprobe -r <module> rmmod |
modprobe -r <module> rmmod |
kmadmin -U <module name> kmadmin -u <module id> |
n/a |
unload modules
|
|
set kernel parameters (tuning)
|
/etc/system (edit and reboot) |
/etc/sysctl.conf (edit and update then reboot) sysctl -p <filename> sysctl -w param=value No reboot (dynamically): echo "250 32000 100 28" > /proc/sys/kernel/sem echo "536870912" > /proc/sys/kernel/shmmax echo "4096" > /proc/sys/kernel/shmmni echo "2097152" > /proc/sys/kernel/shmall etc............................................. |
/etc/sysctl.conf (edit and update then reboot) sysctl -p <filename> sysctl -w param=value No reboot (dynamically): echo "250 32000 100 28" > /proc/sys/kernel/sem echo "536870912" > /proc/sys/kernel/shmmax echo "4096" > /proc/sys/kernel/shmmni echo "2097152" > /proc/sys/kernel/shmall etc............................................. |
kcweb (11i) kctune (11i only) rebuild kernel (< 11i see below) |
chdev -l sys0 -a
<parameter>=<value> no -a (network) vmo -a (virtual memory) nfso -a (NFS) ioo -a (Input/Ouput) raso -a (reliability, availability, serviceability) schedo -a (processor scheduler) vi /etc/security/limits cd /etc/tunables tunchange, tundefault, tunsave, tunrestore, tuncheck Note: most parameters are dynamically changed in AIX , for example memory segments are dynamically adjusted |
set kernel parameters
|
|
display kernel parameters
|
cat /etc/system sysdef -i |
sysctl -a cat /etc/sysctl.conf cat /proc/sys/kernel/sem cat /proc/sys/kernel/shmmax etc................................... |
sysctl -a cat /etc/sysctl.conf cat /proc/sys/kernel/sem cat /proc/sys/kernel/shmmax etc................................... |
kctune (11i only) sysdef kmtune kmsystem /usr/sam/lbin/getkinfo -f /stand/vmunix -o /tmp/kernel.data |
lsattr -EHl sys0 Note: only a few kernel parameters can be changed |
display kernel parameters
|
|
build kernel
|
edit and update file then reboot: /etc/system |
cd /usr/src/linux-2.5 edit Makefile (change EXTRAVERSION) make mrproper backup .config make xconfig make dep make bzImage make modules move new kernel make modules_install change lilo/grub config file reboot |
|
cd /stand/build /usr/lbin/sysadm/system_prep -v -s system edit system file /usr/sbin/mk_kernel -s ./system mv /stand/system /stand/system.old mv /stand/vmunix /stand/vmunix.old mv /stand/build/system /stand mv /stand/build/vmunix_test /stand/vmunix reboot |
chdev -l sys0 -a <parameter>=<value> Note: most parameters are dynamically changed in AIX , for example memory segments are dynamically adjusted |
build kernel
|
|
interprocess communication |
ipcs -a
|
ipcs -a
|
ipcs -a
|
ipcs -a
|
ipcs -a
|
interprocess communication |
|
|
Solaris 10
|
Red Hat
|
Ubuntu/Debian
|
HP
|
AIX
|
|
|
display services
|
svcs -a inetadm -l |
service --status-all
|
There is no services or chkconfig command use the old fashioned
way /etc/init.d/<service>
|
There is no services or chkconfig command use the old fashioned way /sbin/init.d/<service> |
lssrc -a
|
display services
|
|
start services
|
svcadm enable nfs
|
service nfs start
|
startsrc -s <subsystem> startsrc -g <group> |
start services
|
||
|
stop services
|
svcadm disable nfs
|
service nfs stop
|
stopsrc -s <subsystem> stopsrc -g <group> |
stop services
|
||
|
reload service
|
svcadm refresh nfs
|
service nfs reload
|
refresh -s <subsystem>
|
reload service
|
||
|
restart service |
svcadm restart nfs
|
service nfs restart
|
stopsrc -s <subsystem> startsrc -s <subsystem> |
restart service |
||
|
service status
|
svcs nfs
|
service nfs staus
|
lssrc -a |
service status
|
||
|
service dependencies
|
svcs -d network |
n/a |
n/a |
service dependencies
|
||
|
service dependants |
svcs -D network |
n/a |
n/a |
service dependants |
||
|
service logging, etc
|
/var/svc/log /var/svc/manifest /lib/svc/method |
n/a |
/var/adm/ras /etc/syslog.conf /etc/rc.tcpip |
service logging, etc
|
||
|
change service startup
|
n/a |
chkconfig --levels 2345 nfs on
|
n/a |
change service startup
|
||
|
Add a new service
|
n/a |
# Create your stop/start # script in /etc/init.d chkconfig --add <script> |
|
|
|
|
Solaris
|
Red Hat
|
Ubuntu/Debian
|
HP
|
AIX
|
|
|
display installed patches
|
showrev -p patchadd -p |
|
|
swlist -l bundle swlist -l product swlist -l patch |
instfix -ia |
display installed patches
|
|
adding patch
|
patchadd patchadd -M <dir> (multiple patches) |
patch -p1 <patch> zcat patch46.gz | patch -p1 Note: -p = # of path stripping |
|
swcopy (install patch into depot) swinstall (install patch from depot) Note: the swagentd daemon must be running |
instfix -k
|
adding patch
|
|
removing patch
|
patchrm |
patch -R -p1 <patch>
|
|
swremove |
installp -r
|
removing patch
|
|
display installed packages
|
pkginfo (all packages) pkginfo -l (single package) pkgchk -l -p <file> (file belongs) |
rpm -qa (all packages) rpm -q (single package) rpm -qf (file belongs) rpm -qi <package> (very detailed) |
dpkg -l dpkg -S <search string> (search) dpkg -S <filename> (file belongs) dpkg -s <package> (status) dpkg -p <package> (detailed) |
swlist -l bundle <bundle> swlist -l product <product> ## check a package swlist -s <full_path/software> |
lslpp -L all (all filesets) lslpp -L <package> (single fileset) lslpp -w <file> (file belongs) lslpp -ha (history of filesets) rpm -qa (all packages) rpm -q (single package) rpm -qf (file belongs) rpm -qi <package> (very detailed) oslevel -g (install packkages above os level) whereis <filename> which_fileset <filename> |
display installed packages
|
|
adding package
|
pkgadd |
rpm -Uhv (updates/installs if not already) rpm -ihv (install) |
dpkg -i <package>
|
swinstall swinstall -s <full_path/software> |
installp -a installp -c (cleanup after failed install) rpm -i geninstall (generic installer: installp, RPM, etc) |
adding package
|
|
removing packages |
pkgrm |
rpm -e <package>
|
dpkg -r <package> (do not remove config files) dpkg -P <package> (remove config files) |
swremove |
installp -u (commited packages) installp -r (applied packages) rpm -e <package> geninstall -u <package> |
removing packages |
|
verify package
|
pkginfo -l pkginfo -p |
rpm -V <package> |
n/a |
swverity <fileset> (see /var/adm/sw/swagent.log) |
lppchk -v rpm -V <package> |
verify package
|
|
List files in package
|
pkgchk -l <package> | grep -i pathname
|
rpm -ql <package>
|
dpkg -L <package> (list files) |
swlist -l file <product>
|
lslpp -f <fileset> rpm -ql <package> |
List files in package
|
|
Package directory
|
/var/sadm |
/var/lib/rpm |
/var/lib/dpkg/info |
/var/adm/sw |
/usr/lpp /var/lib/rpm |
Package directory
|
|
List libraries required for binary program
|
ldd <file>
|
ldd <file>
|
ldd <file>
|
chatr <file>
|
ldd <file>
|
List libraries required for binary program
|
|
|
Solaris
|
Red Hat
|
Ubuntu/Debian
|
HP
|
AIX
|
|
|
display users
|
cat /etc/passwd logins -x |
cat /etc/passwd system-config-users (GUI) |
cat /etc/passwd
|
cat /etc/passwd logins -x |
cat /etc/passwd lsuser -f ALL (detailed) |
display users
|
|
create a user
|
useradd |
useradd system-config-users (GUI) |
useradd |
useradd sam |
mkuser useradd |
create a user
|
|
remove a user
|
userdel |
userdel system-config-users (GUI) |
userdel |
userdel sam |
rmuser userdel |
remove a user
|
|
modify a user
|
usermod |
usermod system-config-users (GUI) |
usermod |
usermod sam |
chuser -a usermod passwd -f passwd -s chfn <username> chfn <username><shell> |
modify a user
|
|
change user password
|
passwd |
passwd |
passwd |
passwd |
passwd pwdadm pwdck -t ALL |
change user password
|
|
create a group
|
groupadd |
groupadd |
groupadd |
groupadd |
mkgroup <group name>
|
create a group
|
|
remove a group
|
groupdel |
groupdel |
groupdel |
groupdel |
rmgroup <group name>
|
remove a group
|
|
modify a goup
|
groupmod |
groupmod |
groupmod |
groupmod |
chgroup <attribute><group name>
|
modify a goup
|
|
password files
|
/etc/passwd /etc/shadow |
/etc/passwd /etc/shadow |
/etc/passwd /etc/shadow |
/etc/passwd /tcb/files/auth/r/root (trusted system) |
/etc/security/passwd |
password files
|
|
useful user commands
|
id -a whoami who w finger |
id -a whoami who w finger |
id -a whoami who w finger |
id whoami who w uptime (displays # of users logged in) finger |
id whoami who w uptime (displays # of users logged in) finger # License information lslicense chlicense # Maximum number of processes for a user lsattr -D -l sys0 -a maxuproc chdev -l sys0 -a maxuproc=<number> |
useful user commands
|
|
useful group commands
|
groups setpgrp newgrp |
groups |
groups |
groups setprivgrp |
groups setgroups lsgroup ALL |
useful group commands
|
|
|
Solaris
|
Red Hat
|
Ubuntu/Debian
|
HP
|
AIX
|
|
|
NFS Daemons |
server: mountd, nfsd client: statd, lockd |
server: rpc.mountd,nfsd client: rpc.statd, lockd |
server: rpc.mountd,nfsd client: rpc.statd, lockd |
server: rpc.mountd, nfsd client: rpc.statd, lockd |
server: rpc.mountd, nfsd client: rpc.statd, rpc.lockd |
NFS Daemons |
|
NFS files
|
/etc/dfs/dfstab /etc/dfs/sharetab /etc/rmtab |
/etc/exports /var/lib/nfs/etab /var/lib/nfs/xtab |
/etc/exports /var/lib/nfs/etab /var/lib/nfs/xtab |
/etc/exports /etc/xtab |
/etc/exports /etc/xtab |
NFS files
|
|
List nfs clients that have a remote mount |
/etc/rmtab |
/var/lib/nfs/rmtab |
/var/lib/nfs/rmtab |
/etc/rmtab
|
/etc/xtab
|
List nfs clients that have a remote mount |
|
display nfs shares
|
dfshares showmount -e localhost |
showmount -e localhost
|
showmount -e localhost
|
showmount -e localhost |
exportfs showmount -e localhost |
display nfs shares
|
|
create nfs share
|
/etc/dfs/dfstab (edit and add share) share <path> ## dfstab example share -F nfs -d "jumpstart" /export/jumpstart |
redhat-config-nfs (GUI) /etc/exports (edit and add share) /sbin/service nfs reload ## /etc/exports example /export *(rw,fsid=0,insecure,no_root_squash,sync) |
/etc/exports (edit and add share, see below example) exportfs -rav (export the shares) /etc/init.d/portmap restart /etc/init.d/nfs-kernel-server restart ## /etc/exports example /export *(rw,fsid=0,insecure,no_root_squash,sync) |
/etc/rc.config.d/nfsconf (edit) /etc/exports (edit and add share) exportfs -a |
mknfsexp -d <directory> mknfsmnt shareall |
create nfs share
|
|
uncreate nfs share
|
unshare <path> /etc/dfs/dfstab (edit and remove share) |
/etc/exports (edit and remove share) /sbin/service nfs reload |
/etc/exports (edit and remove share) exportfs -rav (export the shares) |
/etc/rc.config.d/nfsconf (edit) exportfs -au (unshare all) exportfs -u /home/vallep /etc/exports (edit and remove share) |
rmnfsexp -d <directory> (unshares and removes
from file) exportfs -u <filesystem> unshareall |
uncreate nfs share
|
|
start/change nfs daemons
|
/etc/init.d/nfs.server start /etc/init.d/nfs.client start svcadm enable nfs/server svcadm disable nfs/server |
/sbin/service nfs start
|
/etc/init.d/portmap start /etc/init.d/nfs-kernel-server start |
/sbin/init.d/nfs.core start /sbin/init.d/nfs.server start /sbin/init.d/nfs.client start |
mknfs chnfs startsrc -s nfsd startsrc -s rpc.mountd |
start/change nfs daemons
|
|
stop nfs daemons
|
/etc/init.d/nfs.server stop /etc/init.d/nfs.client stop |
/sbin/service nfs stop |
/etc/init.d/portmap stop /etc/init.d/nfs-kernel-server stop |
/sbin/init.d/nfs.client stop /sbin/init.d/nfs.server stop /sbin/init.d/nfs.core stop |
rmnfs stopsrc -s nfsd stopsrc -s rpc.mountd |
stop nfs daemons
|
|
nfs status
|
ps -ef|grep < nfs daemons>
|
/sbin/service nfs status
|
/etc/init.d/nfs-kernel-server status |
ps -ef | grep <nfs daemons>
|
lssrc -a |grep -i nfs
|
nfs status
|
|
nfs reload
|
shareall |
/sbin/service nfs reload
|
exportfs -rav (export the shares)
|
exportfs -a
|
exportfs -av |
nfs reload
|
|
nfs performanace
|
nfsstat |
nfsstat |
nfsstat |
nfsstat |
nfsstat |
nfs performanace
|
|
nfs Options
|
n/a |
cat /var/lib/nfs/etab |
cat /var/lib/nfs/etab |
n/a |
nfso -a nfso -o <option>=<value> exportfs (display options) |
nfs Options
|
|
solaris/redhat mount problems (nfs v3 to v4)
|
## Make sure you use NFS version 3 mount -F nfs -o vers=3 <mount> <mountpoint> |
n/a |
n/a |
n/a |
n/a |
solaris/redhat mount problems (nfs v3 to v4)
|
|
|
Solaris
|
Red Hat
|
Ubuntu/Debian
|
HP
|
AIX
|
|
|
Time daemons
|
xntpd |
ntpd |
ntpd |
xntpd |
xntpd |
Time daemons
|
|
ntp setup
|
# Solaris 8 /etc/ntp.conf /etc/ntp.server /etc/ntp.client /etc/rc2.d/xntpd [start|stop] # Solaris 10 /etc/inet/ntp.server /etc/inet/ntp.client svcadm enable ntpd |
/etc/ntp.conf (edit with ntp servers) dateconfig (GUI) chkconfig --list ntpd chkconfig --level 2345 ntpd on /sbin/service ntpd start |
/etc/default/ntp /etc/ntp.conf /etc/init.d/ntp [start|stop|restart] |
/etc/rc.config.d/netdaemons (set XNTPD to 1) /etc/ntp.conf |
/etc/ntp.conf startsrc -s xntpd stopsrc -s xntpd lslpp -L all|grep xntpd |
ntp setup
|
|
ntp daemon options
|
/lib/svc/method/xntp |
/etc/sysconfig/ntpd |
/etc/default/ntp |
/etc/rc.config.d/netdaemons |
startsrc -s xntpd -a "-x"
/etc/rc.tcpip |
ntp daemon options
|
|
NTP Trace commands
|
ntpq -p ntptrace |
ntpq -p ntptrace |
ntpq -p ntptrace |
ntpq -p ntpdate (set the date) |
ntpq -p ntptrace ntpdate |
NTP Trace commands
|
|
|
Solaris
|
Red Hat
|
Ubuntu/Debian
|
HP
|
AIX
|
|
|
messages |
/var/adm/messages |
/var/log/messages |
/var/log/messages |
/var/adm/syslog/syslog.log |
/var/adm/ras |
messages
|
|
syslog |
/var/log/syslog |
/var/log/syslog |
/var/log/syslog |
/var/adm/syslog/syslog.log |
/var/adm/ras |
syslog
|
|
mail |
|
/var/log/mail |
/var/log/mail.* |
/var/adm/syslog/mail.log |
/usr/spool/mqueue/syslog |
mail
|
|
cron |
/var/cron/log |
/var/log/cron |
/var/log/cron.log |
/var/adm/cron/log |
/var/adm/cron/log |
cron
|
|
boot |
/var/adm/messages dmesg |
/var/log/boot dmesg |
/var/log/boot dmesg |
/var/adm/syslog/syslog.log dmesg |
/var/adm/ras alog -o -t boot alog -o -t console alog -L (list all the logs available) |
boot
|
|
Error logging
|
logger |
logger |
logger |
logger |
/usr/lib/errdemon -l (display attributes) /usr/lib/errdemon (start error logging) /usr/lib/errstop (stop error logging) # use with above errorlog file errpt (summary errorlog report) errpt -a (detailed errorlog report) errpt -j <identifier> (single errorlog report) errclear (clears errorlog) errclear -d <class><days> (clears class errors) errlogger "message upto 230 chars" |
Error logging |
|
|
Solaris
|
Red Hat
|
Ubuntu/Debian
|
HP
|
AIX
|
|
|
Checking the passwd file
|
pwck |
pwck |
pwck |
pwck |
pwdck -t ALL usrck -t ALL |
Checking the passwd file
|
|
checking the group file
|
grpck
|
grpck |
grpck |
grpck |
grpck |
checking the group file
|
|
console login (allow/deny)
|
# No reboot required /etc/default/login |
# No reboot required /etc/securetty |
# No reboot required /etc/securetty |
# No reboot required /etc/securetty Note: you may need to create this file if it does not exist |
# No reboot required /etc/security/user chsec -f /etc/security/user -s root |
console login (allow/deny)
|
|
|
Solaris
|
Red Hat
|
Ubuntu/Debian
|
HP
|
AIX
|
|
|
startup |
eeprom setenv boot-device |
grub (GUI) lilo (text based) |
grub (GUI)
|
setboot -p <primary path> setboot -a <alternate path> # autoboot sequnce setboot -b [on|off] |
bootlist -m normal hdisk0 hdisk1 |
startup |
|
shutdown |
shutdown -i5 -g0 -y (power down) shutdown -i6 -g0 -y (reboot) shutdown -i0 -g0 -y (OK prompt) reboot -- -r (reboot/reconfigure) touch /reconfigure |
shutdown -h (halt) shutdown -r (reboot) shutdown -f (fast reboot no fsck) shutdown -F (force fsck) |
shutdown -h (halt) shutdown -r (reboot) shutdown -P (power off) touch /forcefsck # edit /etc/default/rcS change below so # you dont have to hang around FSCKFIX=yes |
shutdown -h now (halt) shutdown -r now(reboot) |
shutdown -F (fast shutdown) shutdown -Fr (fast shutdown and reboot) |
shutdown |
|
Change run level
|
halt init poweroff reboot shutdown telinit uadmin |
halt init poweroff reboot shutdown telinit |
halt init poweroff reboot shutdown telinit |
init reboot shutdown |
init shutdown reboot telinit halt |
Change run level
|
|
init status 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 |
0 - shutdown 1 - single user 2 - n/a 3 - Multi-user 4 - n/a 5 - power off 6 - reboot # change default vi /etc/inittab |
0 - halt 1 - single user 2 - multiuser (no networking) 3 - multiuser (networking) 4 - unused 5 - GUI 6 - reboot # change default vi /etc/inittab |
0 - halt 1 - single user 2 - multiuser (default) 3 - same as 2 4 - same as 2 5 - same as 2 6 - reboot # change default - change all the telinit vi /etc/event.d/rc-default |
0 - halt 1 - single users 2 - multiuser (networking) 3 - multiuser (networking, NFS, and CDE GUI) (default) 4 - multiuser (netwrking, NFS, and VUE GUI) 5 - n/a 6 - n/a # change default - change the initdefault line vi /etc/inittab |
0 - reserved 1 - reserved 2 - multiuser mode with NFS 3 - user defined 4 - user defined 5 - user defined 6 - user defined 7-9 - user defined # change default - change the initdefault line vi /etc/inittab |
init status 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 |
|
Startup options
|
-s single user -a interactive -x no device drivers (used in clustering) -r reconfigure devices -m milestone |
single - use grub to edit kernel line emergency - use grub to edit kernel line linux rescue - use at the boot prompt single: runlevel1, local fs mounted, no network emergency: root fs read-only, no init files run rescue: use cd-rom/network, root mounted as /mnt/sysimage |
single - use grub to edit kernel line emergency - use grub to edit kernel line linux rescue - use at the boot prompt single: runlevel1, local fs mounted, no network emergency: root fs read-only, no init files run rescue: use cd-rom/network, root mounted as /mnt/sysimage |
interact with IPL? Y # single user ISL> hpux -is # Logical volume maintanence mode ISL> hpux -lm # No quroum check ISL> hpux -lq |
Based on 9114-275 workstation
1. switch off the machine 2. power on and enter the SMS menu Note: to enter the SMS menu press numeric 1 after the word keyboard but before the word speaker |
Startup options
|
|
startup scripts
|
/etc/init.d /etc/rc0.d - /etc/rc6.d |
/etc/init.d /etc/rc0.d - /etc/rc6.d |
/etc/init.d /etc/rc0.d - /etc/rc6.d |
/sbin/init.d /etc/rc.config.d (startup config files) /sbin/rc0.d - /sbin/rc6.d |
/etc/rc.d /etc/rc.d/init.d /etc/rc.d/rc2.d - rc9.d /etc/rc.* (config files for auto-starting) also uses the System Resource Controller |
startup scripts
|
|
boot prompt commands
|
boot printenv setenv banner devalias show-devs show-pci-devs-all probe-scsi-all probe-fcal-all probe-pci watch-net-all reset-all |
F10 or F12
|
F10 or F12
|
interact with IPL? Y |
Based on a 9114-275 workstation
1. switch off the machine 2. power on and enter the SMS menu Note: to enter the SMS menu press numeric 1 after the word keyboard but before the word speaker |
boot prompt commands
|
|
Boot process |
Phases:
|
Boot sequence
|
Boot sequence
|
Phases:
|
Phases:
|
Boot process |
|
determine the run level
|
who -r
|
runlevel who -r |
runlevel who -r |
who -r
|
who -r
|
determine the run level
|
|
obtain default run level
|
cat /etc/inittab
|
cat /etc/inittab
|
/etc/event.d/rc-default |
/etc/inittab |
/etc/inittab |
obtain default run level
|
|
list locale |
locale -a
|
locale -a
|
locale -a
|
locale -a
|
locale -a
|
list locale |
|
start xwindows
|
n/a |
startx (shorthand of below) initx (lots of parms) |
|
n/a |
n/a |
start xwindows
|
|
initialize system
|
sys-unconfig |
|
|
set_parms [initial|hostname|ip_address|timezone] Note: set_parms is in /sbin |
install_assist |
initialize system
|
|
Timezone |
/etc/TIMEZONE /etc/default/init |
/etc/sysconfig/clock /usr/share/zoneinfo/zone.tab |
/etc/timezone /usr/share/zoneinfo/zone.tab |
/etc/TIMEZONE |
/etc/environment /etc/profile |
Timezone |
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